This study explores the intersection between climate governance and gender diversity and inclusion (gender D&I) in companies based in emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). It expands the emerging research field of gender-responsive climate action by starting to fill a critical knowledge gap: how businesses in EMDEs are engaging with the gendered dynamics of climate change in their governance practices, policies, and actions. The study uncovers ways in which women leaders are or could be shaping businesses’ climate action. It unveils insights into good practices and guidance for board members, senior managers, and other relevant stakeholders, including stock exchanges and market regulators operating in EMDE contexts. Importantly, given this emerging area of exploration, the study also identifies pathways for future research and development of practical tools to support action. The study is grounded in a literature review of existing evidence on the climate and gender nexus in business practices and the role of women business leaders in driving progress. Findings are based on a survey of over 600 business leaders including more than 400 from EMDEs, information gathered from focus groups, and interviews and focus groups with more than 30 experts and business practitioners in both EMDE and global contexts.